Drooping eyelid, also called ptosis, is a condition in which the upper eyelid droops abnormally. In some cases, it can partially or completely cover the pupil, causing visual discomfort.
There are several factors that can cause this condition, and identifying the exact cause is essential to determining the most appropriate treatment.
Patients often present with complaints such as excess skin on the eyelids, a tendency to contract the forehead muscles to compensate for eye opening – which can cause headaches –, difficulty applying makeup, and a tired or sleepy appearance.
In this article, we will explore the essential points on this subject to guide you in your process of consulting an eyelid surgery specialist.
Why do eyelids droop?
There are several factors that can cause a drooping eyelid, also called ptosis.
The most common cause is mechanical, resulting from excess skin, the presence of soft tissue tumors in the orbital region or even the aftermath of ophthalmic surgery.
Another common cause is aponeurotic origin, when the fascia supporting the levator eyelid muscle becomes detached, causing difficulty in maintaining the eyelid in a normal position.
Finally, some rarer causes include muscular disorders, such as myasthenia gravis (myogenic origin), or neurological disorders, such as Horner’s syndrome (neurogenic origin).
What surgery is used to treat drooping eyelids?
When the drooping eyelid is caused by an isolated excess of skin, without alteration of the function of the levator muscles, the best surgical option is blepharoplasty . This procedure involves removing excess skin and fat pockets, thus restoring a more harmonious contour to the eyes and facilitating the natural lifting of the eyelids, since the muscles will have less weight to support.
If the clinical examination reveals a detachment of the upper eyelid levator muscle, surgery is not limited to removing excess skin. It also includes reattachment of the muscle to the fascia and, if necessary, shortening the muscle to improve its effectiveness.
In the absence of muscle detachment, a test with eye drops during the consultation allows the possibility of correction via the conjunctiva to be assessed – a technique called Mullerectomy .
This procedure may be combined with a canthopexy or canthoplasty , procedures performed at the outer corner of the eye to strengthen and stabilize the lower eyelid, thus reducing the risk of post-operative complications.
Are there any risks associated with drooping eyelid surgery?
Yes, like any surgical procedure, blepharoplasty carries some potential risks. While serious complications are rare, it’s important to be aware of them before proceeding. Here are the main risks associated with this procedure:
Infection and Bleeding : As with any surgery, there is a small risk of infection or bleeding.
Bruising and swelling : After surgery, slight bruising and swelling are common. These usually subside within one to two weeks .
Dry Eye : Some patients may experience temporary dry eye , especially if they have suffered from it before.
Difficulty closing eyes : In some cases, it may be difficult to completely close the eyelids during the first few days following surgery.
Vision changes : Although rare, mild blurred vision may occur, usually limited to the first few weeks post-operatively.
Scars : Scars are discreet , but may become slightly more visible between 2 and 4 months before gradually fading.
Reactions to anesthesia : Some patients may have an adverse reaction to anesthesia, although this is uncommon.
Possible surgical touch-up : In some cases, additional intervention may be necessary to refine the result or correct a possible complication.
It is essential to discuss the risks and benefits of blepharoplasty in detail with your surgeon in order to make an informed decision.
What are the benefits of eyelid ptosis surgery?
Correcting drooping eyelids offers many benefits, both functional and aesthetic . Here are the main benefits of this procedure:
Improving visual field : In cases of severe ptosis, the drooping eyelid can obscure part of the field of vision. By repositioning it correctly, surgery can improve peripheral vision .
Rejuvenation of the eyes : Drooping eyelids often give a tired and aged appearance . By lifting the eyelids, the procedure refreshes the eyes and gives a more dynamic and rested appearance.
Reduced discomfort : In some cases, ptosis can cause eye irritation or a feeling of heaviness. By lifting the eyelids, surgery helps relieve this discomfort .
Increased self-confidence : Many patients report improved self-esteem after surgery. Seeing yourself with a more open and rejuvenated look can enhance feelings of well-being and self-satisfaction . Ease of wearing glasses or contact lenses : Marked ptosis can make it difficult to wear glasses or contact lenses . By correcting the position of the eyelids, surgery can make them easier to use in daily life.
Frequently Asked Questions About Drooping Eyelids
Is eyelid ptosis surgery safe?
Yes, eyelid ptosis surgery is generally safe when performed by a qualified surgeon. However, like any surgical procedure, it carries some risks, including infection, bleeding, or reactions to anesthesia . It is important to discuss these risks with your doctor before surgery.
What is the recovery time after eyelid ptosis surgery?
Recovery varies by patient, but typically lasts between one and two weeks . During this time, swelling and bruising around the eyes may occur, but these will gradually subside. Most patients can resume some work activities within one week . Proper post-operative care is essential for optimal healing.
Does eyelid ptosis surgery leave visible scars?
The incisions are placed in the natural creases of the eyelids to minimize the visibility of scars. Over time, these become less and less noticeable . The use of healing care and compliance with medical recommendations promote good aesthetic development.
When can I resume normal activities after surgery?
Most patients can return to their daily activities after 5 to 7 days . However, strenuous physical exertion and sports should be avoided for several weeks , according to the surgeon’s recommendations.
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